Raina Tukatuka Makarini Pēhi Puff

Ataata Hanga:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cSJknMaYd8

He pata whakakapi te pata mākārini i hangaia mai i te hinu huawhenua, te ngako kararehe, me ētahi atu puna ngako. Kua tino pakari te tukanga whakaputa me ngā taputapu tukatuka i muri i ngā tau maha o te whanaketanga. Anei te rerenga tukanga taipitopito me te whakaurunga o ngā taputapu matua:

I. Te Tukanga Hanga Makarini

1. Te Whakarite Rauemi Mata

• Ngā rauemi mata matua:

o Ngā hinu (tata ki te 80%): pērā i te hinu nikau, te hinu pīni soya, te hinu rēpī, te hinu kokonati, me ētahi atu, me whakamahine (tango i te kapia, tango waikawa, tango tae, tango kakara).

Wāhanga wai (tata ki te 15-20%): miraka kore ngako, wai, tote, ngā mea whakapūhui (pērā i te lecithin, mono-glyceride), ngā mea tiaki (pērā i te potassium sorbate), ngā huaora (pērā i te huaora A, D), ngā mea kakara, me ētahi atu.

Ngā Tāpiri: tae (β-carotene), kaiwhakahaere waikawa (waikawa lactic), me ētahi atu.

2. Te Whakaranu me te Whakarewatanga

• Te whakaranu i te wāhanga hinu me te wāhanga wai:

Ka whakamahanahia te wāhanga hinu (hinu + ngā tāpiringa wairewa-hinu) ki te 50-60℃, kātahi ka rewa.

o Ka whakamahanahia te wāhanga wai (wai + ngā tāpiringa wairewa-wai) ka whakahoromatatia (whakamātautau, 72℃/15 hēkona).

Ka whakaranua ngā wāhanga e rua kia ōrite te ōwehenga, ka tāpirihia ngā emulsifier (pēnei i te mono-glyceride, te soy lecithin), ā, ka hangaia he emulsion ōrite (momo wai-i-te-hinu, hinu-i-te-wai rānei) mā te whakaoho tere-teitei (2000-3000 rpm).

3. Te whakamatao tere me te whakatioata (Taahiraa Matua)

• Whakamatao tere: Ka whakamatao teretia te hinu ki te 10-20℃ mā roto i te whakawhiti wera mata kua waruhia (SSHE), ka puta he tioata wāhanga o te hinu hei hanga i te āhua tioata β' (he mea nui ki te kakano pai).

• Te Whakahāngai: Ka kutikutia te ngako āhua-totoka mā te mīhini pokepoke (Pin Worker) i te 2000-3000 rpm hei wawahi i ngā tioata nunui, hei hanga hoki i tētahi hanganga whatunga ngako pai, ōrite hoki, kia kore ai e puta he kirikiri.

4. Te Whakapakari me te Tākai

• Te pakeketanga: Ka waiho kia tū i te 20-25℃ mō ngā hāora 24-48 hei whakau i te hanganga tioata.

• Tākai: Ka whakakīia hei poraka, hei kapu, hei momo rehu rānei, ā, ka rongoatia ki roto i te pouaka whakamātao (ka taea te rongoa i ētahi pata ngohengohe ki te pāmahana rūma tika).

II. Ngā Taputapu Tukatuka Matua

1. Ngā Taputapu Whakaora-Mua

• Ngā taputapu whakangawari hinu: te miihini tango kapia, te pourewa tango waikawa, te tāke tango tae, te pourewa tango haunga.

• Ngā taputapu tukatuka wai: mīhini whakamātao, mīhini whakaranu pēhanga-tiketike (e whakamahia ana mō te whakaranu miraka, te whakaranu wai rānei).

2. Taputapu Whakarewa

• Tāke whakaemulsion: he tāke kowiri tira me ngā mahi whakaoho me te whakamahana (pēnei i te hoe, i te momo tāpine rānei).

• Kaiwhakakotahi pēhanga-teitei: whakapai ake i ngā pata whakakoi (pēhanga 10-20 MPa).

3. Taputapu Whakamatao Tere

• Whakawhiti Wera Mata Waru (SSHE):

o Whakamatao tere ki te āhua hukapapa, mā te waru hurihuri hei ārai i te matotoru.

Ngā waitohu noa: Gerstenberg & Agger (Tenemāka), Alfa Laval (Huitene), SPX flow (USA), Shiputec (Haina)

• Kaimahi Pine:

Kutikutihia te ngako mā roto i ngā huinga pine maha hei whakahaere i te rahi o te tioata.

4. Ngā Taputapu Tākai

• Mīhini whakakī aunoa: mō ngā poraka (25g-500g) mō ngā takai oko rānei (1kg-20kg).

• Raina takai parakore: he pai mō ngā hua e roa ana te ora (pērā i te pata wai kua tukatukahia ki te UHT).

III. Ngā Rerekētanga Tukanga

1. Mākarini Ngāwari: He nui te ōwehenga o te hinu wai i roto i te hinu (pērā i te hinu putirā), kāore e hiahiatia he whakamātao tere, he mea whakaranu tika, he mea takai.

2. Mākarini iti-ngako: Ko te nui o te ngako he 40-60%, me tāpiri he matū whakamātotoru (pēnei i te gelatin, te māngaro kua whakarerekētia).

3. Mākarini tipu: He hinu tipu katoa, kāore he waikawa ngako whakawhiti (whakatikatikahia te ira rewa mā te whakawhiti ester, te hangarau wehewehe rānei).

IV. Ngā Kaupapa Matua o te Mana Kounga •

Āhua tioata: Me whakahaere te tere o te tinei me te kaha o te whakaranu i te āhua tioata β' (he pai ake i te āhua tioata β).

• Te haumaru o ngā moroiti: Me tino whakahoromata te wāhanga wai, ā, me whakarite te pH ki raro i te 4.5 hei ārai i ngā huakita.

• Te pumau o te waikura: Tāpirihia ngā antioxidants (pērā i te TBHQ, te huaora E) hei karo i te poke o ngā katote konganuku.

Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā tukanga me ngā taputapu o runga ake nei, ka taea e te kirīmi horihori hou te whakatauira i te reka o te pata, me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hauora pēnei i te iti o te cholesterol me te iti o te ngako kukū. Me whakarerekē te tauira me te tukanga motuhake kia rite ki te tūnga o te hua (pēnei i te tunu kai, i te paninga rānei ki ngā mata kai).