He aha te pūnaha whakamatao haukini?

He aha te pūnaha whakamatao haukini?

He pūnaha whakamatao ā-umanga te pūnaha whakamatao haukini e whakamahi ana i te haukini (NH₃) hei haukini. E whakamahi ana i te mātāpono e mimiti ana te haukini i te nui o te wera i te wā e mimiti ana hei whakarato whakamatao mō ngā tukanga whakaputa ahumahi e hiahia ana ki ngā pāmahana iti (pēnei i te whakatio kai, te whakamatao, te whakaputa matū, ngā wāhi hākinakina hukapapa, me ētahi atu).

Nā te mea he tino whai hua, he āhua ōhanga hoki, me te kore hoki e kino ki te paparanga ozone (ODP = 0), ko te haukini te haukini pai rawa atu i roto i ngā mara o te whakamatao ahumahi me te arumoni nui.

Te kaupapa matua o te mahi (huringa whakamatao kōpeketanga kotahi-wāhanga)

Ko te whakahaere o te pūnaha whakamatao haukini e whai ana i te huringa whakamatao pēhanga mamaoa taketake, e whā ngā tukanga matua:

Pēhanga: Ka kumea te kohu haukini i te pāmahana iti me te pēhanga iti e te pēhanga, ka pēhia, ka huri hei kohu wera rawa i te pāmahana tiketike me te pēhanga teitei.

Te Whakatōtō: Ka tomo te kohu haukini i te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei ki te whakatōtō, ka whakamataohia e te wai, e te hau rānei e whakamatao ana, ka tukuna te wera, ka whakatōtō hei wai haukini pēhanga teitei, pāmahana noa.

Te Whakateretere: Ka haere te wai haukini pēhanga teitei mā te takirere whakateretere (pērā i te takirere whakawhānui), ā, ka heke tere te pēhanga. Ka mimiti ētahi o te wai, ka huri hei ranunga o te mamaoa me te wai pāmahana iti me te pēhanga iti.

Te mimiti: Ka uru te haukini pāmahana iti ki roto i te mimiti (pērā i te pā whakamatao, i te whakawhiti wera rānei), ka mimiti i te wera mai i te wāhi whakamatao (rokiroki makariri), ā, ka mimiti katoa hei kohu pāmahana iti, pēhanga iti hoki. Kātahi ka whakahokia anō tēnei kohu e te pūwhakakoi, ā, ka oti te huringa.

He kupu whakarite māmā noa iho: Pērā i te werawera o te tinana tangata hei whakamatao, ina mimiti te werawera (te wai haukini), ka mimiti te wera mai i te kiri (te wāhanga kua whakamatao), ka mātao ai te kiri.

Ngā Wāhanga Matua

Pūwero: Ko te "ngakau" o te pūnaha. Ko ngā momo noa ko te piston, te tīwiri, me te centrifugal. Ko ngā pūwero tīwiri te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha rahi-waenga me te rahi-rahi o ēnei rā nā te mea he tino pai te mahi me te ngāwari o te whakarerekētanga o te kaha.

Pūwhakamātao: Ko te "whakawhiti wera" o te pūnaha. Ka tangohia te wera mai i te hau haukini kua pēhia. Ka wehea ki te momo whakamatao-wai (he tino whai hua, me whakamahi pourewa whakamatao) me te momo whakamatao mimiti (he penapena wai, he whānui te whakamahinga).

Pūrere whakatere: pērā i te takirere whānui, te takirere pōrewarewa. Ka whakahaere i te tere rere me te pēhanga o te wai haukini e tomo ana ki te whakapūhau.

Pūwhakapūngao: Ko te "pito putanga matao" o te pūnaha. Ina tāutahia ki te wāhi rokiroki matao, ki te wāhi tukatuka rānei, ka mimiti te haukini, ka mimiti hoki i te wera i roto. Ko ngā momo noa ko ngā pūwhakamātao hau (me te kawe hiko ā-kaha) me ngā paipa koiri (me te kawe hiko ā-taiao).

Tāke rokiroki wai: Ka rongoa i te wai haukini i muri i te haukū, hei whakataurite i te tuku me te tono o te pūnaha.

Wehewehe hinu me te kaikohi hinu: Wehewehea me te whakaora i te hinu whakahinuhinu e tukuna ana e te putanga hau o te pūwero, kia pai ai te mahi a te pūnaha.

Wehewehe hau-wai: Ka tiaki i te pūwhakakoi mā te ārai i te wai haukini kāore i mimiti kei uru ki roto, kei puta ai te "pānga wai".

Pūnaha whakahaere: Ko te "roro" o ngā pūnaha hou. Kei roto ko ngā PLC, ngā pūoko, ngā kaiwhakaoho, me ētahi atu, ā, ko rātou te kawenga mō te whakatutuki i te whakahaere aunoa, te tiaki haumaru, me te whakahaere pūngao.

Ngā momo matua o ngā pūnaha

Pūnaha whakawhanui tika: Ka mimiti tika te haukini i roto i te mīhini whakawhanui kia whakamatao ai. Ko tōna tino whai huatanga te mea tino pai, engari me tino kaha te hiri o ngā paipa, ā, kua heke te whakamahinga.

Pūnaha whakamatao ā-kore:

Pūnaha wai haukini/wai tote: Ka whakamatao tuatahi te haukini i te wai tote (pērā i te otinga konupūmā pūhaumāota), kātahi ka tukuna te wai tote pāmahana iti ki ia pūwāhi whakamatao e te papu. He tawhiti te tawhiti haumaru, engari he iti noa te whai huatanga o te pūngao.

Pūnaha Haukini/Waro Hauhā: Te Auaha me te Ia o Nāianei. Ka mahi te haukini i te wāhanga pāmahana teitei o te huringa, ka whakapūmau i te hauhā waro; ka mahi te hauhā waro i te wāhanga pāmahana iti ka mimiti hei whakamatao. Mā te whakakotahi i te whai huatanga teitei o te haukini me te haumaru o te hauhā waro (kāore i te paitini i ngā pāmahana iti me te pēhanga ngawari), koinei te otinga pai mō ngā whare whakamatao me te tio nui.

Pūnaha tuku wai taumaha: Ka tukuna te wai ki te mīhini whakapūngao mā te whakamahi i te pēhanga pumau o te pou wai. He pumau, he pono hoki, engari me nui te werohanga haukini, ā, he mea noa tēnei i roto i ngā pūnaha tawhito.

Pūnaha tuku papu wai: Ka whakamahia te papu hei kawe māia i te wai haukini iti-pēhanga ki te evaporator. He pai te whakawhiti wera me te tuku wai ōrite, ā, he whānui te whakamahinga.

Te whakamārama i ngā painga

Teitei o te whai huatanga me te penapena pūngao: He nui te uara wera huna o te haukini, ā, he iti ake te hiko e pau ana mō ia waeine o te kaha whakamatao, ka iti ai ngā utu whakahaere.

Tiaki taiao: ODP = 0, GWP = 0 (Pūmanawa Mahana Ao), he hauhautanga taiao e pai ana ki te taiao.

Ōhanga: Utu iti, ngāwari ki te tiki.

He pai rawa te mahi whakawhiti wera: He tino pai te whakawhiti wera me te pakitara paipa whakarewa.

He ngāwari ki te kite i te turuturu: He kakara kaha tōna, ā, he iti noa te turuturu ka kitea.

Ngā wero me ngā whakaaro mō te haumaru (he mea tino nui!)

He paitini te haukini (Akomanga 2) ā, he mura hoki (Akomanga B2L), nō reira ko te haumaru te mātāpono matua i roto i te hoahoa, te tāutanga, me te whakahaere.

Paitini: Ka pā kino te turuturu ki ngā kanohi me te pūnaha manawa o te tangata. Ka mate pea ngā kukū nui.

Mura: Ina eke te kukū o te hau ki te 15% ki te 28%, ka pahū ina pā ki te mura.

Ngā mahi haumaru:

Te wehewehenga rūma rorohiko: Me whakanoho ngā taputapu matua pēnei i ngā pūwero me ngā tāke rokiroki wai ki roto i tētahi rūma rorohiko motuhake, he pai te hauhautanga.

Te kimi turuturu me te whakaoho: Me tāuta ngā taputapu kite kukū haukini, ā, me hono atu ki ngā pūnaha hauhautanga ohorere me ngā pūnaha tauhiuhi.

Ngā taputapu tiaki: I roto i te rūma rorohiko, me whakarato ngā taputapu ohorere pēnei i ngā kopare hau, ngā mōhiti kanohi me ngā kākahu tiaki.

Takirere haumaru me te whakaiti pēhanga: Me whai takirere haumaru ngā oko pēhanga, ā, me anga ngā paipa whakaiti pēhanga ki tētahi wāhi haumaru o waho.

Ngā ture tino pakari: Me tutuki te hoahoa me te hanganga ki ngā paerewa ā-ture pēnei i te "Cold Storage Design Code" (GB50072) me ngā "Construction and Acceptance Specifications for Ammonia Refrigeration System Installation" i whakaputaina e te kāwanatanga.

Te whakahaere ngaio: Me pupuri e ngā kaiwhakahaere ngā tiwhikete e tika ana, me te whai whakangungu haumaru auau.

Ngā āpure tono matua

Ahumahi kai: Te tio me te whakamatao i te mīti, te kaimoana, ngā hua me ngā huawhenua; te tukatuka hua miraka; te hanga pia.

Te Hangarau Matū me te Rongoā: Te whakamatao tukanga, ngā tauhohenga pāmahana-iti, te waimeha hau.

Te whakahaere ratonga me te whare putunga: Ngā pokapū whakahaere ratonga mekameka makariri nui, ngā whare rokiroki makariri pāmahana teitei.

Ngā wāhi hukapapa me te hukarere: papa hukapapa horihori, papa retihuka.

Ētahi atu: Te hauhautanga matua (te whakamatao i te rohe), te rangahau me te whanaketanga hōia, me ētahi atu.

Ngā Auahatanga Whakawhanake

Te whakaiti me te whakaiti i te haukini: Mā te arotau i te hoahoa (pēnei i te whakamahi i ngā whakawhiti wera pereti) me te whakamahi i ngā haumātao pēnei i te hauhā waro i roto i te pūnaha cascade, ka whakaitihia te nui o te haukini i roto i te pūnaha, ka whānui ake tōna whakamahinga i ngā wāhi tata ki te arumoni pēnei i ngā hūpermakete me ngā toa hokomaha.

Aunoatanga me te Mātauranga: Te whakamahinga whānui o ngā hangarau PLC me te IoT hei whakatutuki i te aroturukitanga mamao, te tautuhi hapa, te whakahaere i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, me te tiaki matapae.

Te arotautanga o te whakaurunga pūnaha: Te whakatairanga i ngā pūwero tīwiri whai hua me te hangarau whakaora wera (te whakaora i te wera hauhautanga hei whakaputa wai wera), te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao whānui.

Kei te whakapai tonu ngā paerewa haumaru: Kei te kaha haere te pakari o ngā ture me ngā paerewa, e anga atu ana ki ngā hoahoa me ngā tono hangarau haumaru ake, pono ake hoki.

Whakarāpopototanga

Ko te pūnaha whakamatao haukini te pou tuarā o te whakamatao ahumahi, e tautoko ana i ngā mekameka makariri whānui me ngā ahumahi taketake me ōna āhuatanga whai huatanga pūngao me te atawhai taiao. Heoi, ko te "whai wāhi te whai huatanga me ngā mōrearea" te āhuatanga tino kitea. Kei te anga whakamua te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakamatao haukini hou ki te huarahi "haumarutanga nui ake, atawhai taiao nui ake, me te mōhiotanga nui ake", ā, ko te pūnaha haukini/CO2 cascade kei te noho hei paerewa koura rongonui i roto i te ahumahi.