Hangarau Tukatuka Whakapoto

He aha te Whakapoto?

Tuatahi, he whakamāramatanga tere: Ko te whakapoto he ngako totoka i hangaia mai i ngā hinu huawhenua, i ngā ngako kararehe, i tētahi huinga rānei. Ko tana mahi matua he "whakapoto" i ngā miro gluten i roto i ngā kai tunua, ka hanga he kakano ngawari, he kirikiri (hei tauira, i roto i ngā kirinuku pai, pihikete, me ngā pihikete).

Ko te wero hangarau matua ko te huri i ngā hinu wai hei ngako kirihou pumau, āhua-totoka. Ka tutukihia tēnei mā roto i ngā tukanga matua e rua:Te whakahāoratangameWhakapūmautanga, ā, whai muri koTe whakamahana.

Ngā Hipanga Tukatuka Matua

Ko te haerenga mai i te hinu mata ki te whakapoto kua oti he maha ngā wāhanga matua:

1. Te Kōwhiringa me te Whakaranu Hinu

• Kaupapa:Hei waihanga i tētahi ranunga hinu turanga me te kōtaha waikawa ngako e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi a te hua whakamutunga (te ira rewa, te ihirangi ngako totoka, me ētahi atu).
• Tukanga:Ka inehia, ka whakaranua hoki ngā hinu kua whakatikatikaina, kua whakama, me ngā hinu kua tangohia te haunga (RBD). Ko ngā hinu noa ko te pīni soya, te nikau, te kākano miro, te canola, me te hinu kākano nikau.

2. Te Whakahāngaitanga (Tikanga Tuku Iho)

• Kaupapa:Hei whakanui ake i te ira rewa me te pumau o te hinu wai mā te whakarahi ake i tōna kukū.
• Tukanga:Ka whakamahanatia te hinu whakaranu i roto i tētahi tauhohenga pēhanga i te aroaro o tētahi whakakorikori nikara me te hau hauwai.Tuhipoka:Ka hangaia e tēnei tukangangako whakawhiti, e tino whakahaeretia ana i nāianei, ā, kāore e paingia ana nā ngā āwangawanga hauora. Nā tēnei i ara ake ai ngā hangarau rerekē.
  • Ka tāpirihia ngā ngota hauwai ki ngā here takirua kore-kukū i roto i ngā mekameka waikawa ngako.
  • Ka hurihia e tēnei ngā hinu wai (kore-māku) hei ngako haurua-totoka, hei ngako totoka rānei (ngako māku me ngā ngako whakawhiti).

3. Te Whakapūmautanga (Tikanga Hou)

• Kaupapa:Hei whakarite anō i ngā waikawa ngako i runga i te tuara glycerol o ngā ngota triglyceride me te kore e hanga ngako trans. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaihanga te hanga i tētahi ngako me ngā āhuatanga rewa me te tioata tika mai i te ranunga hinu.
• Tukanga:Hua:He pūtake whakapoto kore-ngako whakawhiti, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga mahi.
  • Matū IE:Ka whakamahi i te whakakōkī konutai metoxide hei wahi me te whakakotahi matapōkere i ngā waikawa ngako.
  • IE whākōkī:Ka whakamahia ngā whākōkī motuhake (hei tauira, ngā lipase) hei whakakorikori. He tika ake tēnei, ā, ka taea te hanga anō i ngā mea kua whakaritea engari he nui ake te utu.

4. Te Whakaranu me te Whakarewatanga

• Ka whakaranua te ngako turanga kua whakapakeketia ki te hinu wai kia tutuki ai te Taupū Ngako Totoka (SFI) e hiahiatia ana – he ine i te pakeketanga puta noa i ngā pāmahana rerekē.
• Ka tāpirihia ngā emulsifier (hei tauira, ngā monoglycerides, te lecithin) hei whakapai ake i te kakano, te rōrahi, me te roa o te oranga o te hua tunua whakamutunga.

5. Te Whakamatao me te Whakatōtika (Te Whakamatao me te Whakatiotanga)

Koinei te taahiraa tino nui mō te waihanga i te hanganga whakamutunga me te "kirihou" (te horapa) o te whakapoto.

• Tukanga:Ka pupuhihia te ranunga ngako rewa mā roto i tētahiKaipōtite whakawhiti wera mata waru (SSHE rānei).
  • Wāhanga A (Mātao):Ka tere te whakamatao i te ngako i raro i te pēhanga teitei me te whakaoho. Ka whakatairanga tēnei i te hanganga o ngā tioata beta-prime (β') iti maha, he mea tino pai mō te whakapoto maeneene, he pai te kakano, he kirihou hoki.
  • Wāhanga B (Whakamātao):Kātahi ka mahia te ngako matao i roto i te mīhini mahi titi, i te ngongo marino rānei. Mā tēnei ka pokepokea te ngako tioata kia tika ai te hanganga o te tioata, kia kore ai hoki e nui, e kikokore ana ngā tioata beta (β).

6. Te Whakamahana me te Tākai

• Ka tākaihia te whakapoto mahana tonu, e tio ana (ki roto i ngā ipu, poraka, ipu nui rānei).
• Ka whakanohoia te whakapoto kua tākaihia ki roto i ngā whare putunga e whakahaeretia ana te pāmahana (ngā rūma whakamahana) mō ngā hāora 24-72.
• Te Kaupapa o te Whakamahana:Mā tēnei ka taea e te hanganga tioata te tino pumau ki te āhua β' e hiahiatia ana, kia rite ai te kakano, kia maeneene hoki, kia pumau ai hoki te whata.

7. Te Rokiroki me te Tukunga

• Ka rongoatia te whakapoto kua whakamaroketia, ka tukuna hoki i raro i ngā pāmahana e whakahaerehia ana kia mau tonu ai tōna kounga me tōna kirihou.

Ngā Ariā Hangarau Matua

• Kirihoutanga:Ko te āhuatanga e āhei ai te hora me te whakaranu i te whakapoto. Kei te whai ranunga o ngā tioata totoka me te hinu wai i roto i tētahi awhe pāmahana motuhake (te "awhe kirihou").
• Hanganga Karaihe:He mea nui te momo tioata ngako.Taupū Ngako Totoka (SFI):He kōpiko e ine ana i te ōrau o te ngako totoka i roto i te whakapoto puta noa i ngā pāmahana rerekē. Koinei te taputapu matua mō te matapae i te mahi a te whakapoto i roto i tētahi tono motuhake (hei tauira, he tino rerekē ngā kōpiko SFI o te whakapoto kirinuku pai me te whakapoto hukapapa).
  • Ngā tioata Beta-Prime (β'):He tioata iti, rite ki te ngira, e hanga ana i tētahi whatunga angiangi ka taea te pupuri i te nui o te hinu wai. Ka hangaia he whakapoto maeneene, kirimi, ā, he tino kirihou.Koinei te āhua e hiahiatia ana.
  • Ngā tioata Beta (β):He tioata nunui, taratara, he kirikiri ka hua ake he ngako kirikiri, pakarukaru, kāore e kirihou (hei tauira, te kirikiri o te pata tawhito).

Whakarāpopototanga o te Rere Whakaputa Whakapoto Hou

Te Whanaketanga o te Hangarau

Kei te neke tere atu te ia mai ite hauwai(nā te aukati i te ngako whakawhiti) me te anga atu ki:

1. Whakapūmautanga(matū me te whākōkī).
2. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hinu mārō āhua-tūturu pērā iHinu Pāmame ōna wāhanga (hei tauira, te olein nikau, te stearin nikau), he maha ngā wā ka konatunatua ki ētahi atu hinu wai pumau pērā i te hinu putirā oleic-nui, te hinu canola rānei.
3. Te Whakahauora Katoa:Te whakahauwai katoa i te hinu (ka puta ai te stearine tino mātotoru, kore-ngako whakawhiti) kātahi ka whakaranua ki te hinu wai. He rerekē tēnei i te whakahauwai wāhanga, i puta ai ngā ngako whakawhiti.

Ko te whāinga o te hangarau whakapoto hou he whakatutuki i ngā āhuatanga mahi tino tika mō te tunu me te parai.kāorete whakamahinga o ngā ngako whakawhiti horihori.