He Kupu Whakataki ki te Tukanga Hanga Pata

He Kupu Whakataki ki te Tukanga Hanga Pata

He pūnaha aunoa te raina whakaputa pata e whakauru ana i ngā hangarau miihini, matū, me te pūtaiao kai, e whai ana kia hurihia te miraka mata (te kirīmi te nuinga) hei pata arumoni me te whai hua, me te akuaku hoki.

Ka whakaratohia e mātou he whakataki taipitopito mai i ngā āhuatanga e rua: te rere o te tukanga whakaputa me ngā taputapu matua.

I. Te Rere o te Tukanga Hanga Pata

Ko te pata he ngako miraka te tikanga. Ko te kaupapa matua o te tukanga whakaputa ko te wawahi i ngā poro ngako i roto i te kirīmi, kia taea ai te whakakotahi i te ngako me te wehe atu i te wai (pata miraka). Ko te tikanga huri tonu te nuinga o te mahi ahumahi o ēnei rā, ā, ko te tukanga e whai ake nei:

1. Te maimoatanga o mua i ngā rauemi mata me te whakarite kirīmi

• Te whiwhinga me te tirotiro i te miraka mata: Ko te miraka hou i hokona ka tirohia tuatahitia te kounga, tae atu ki te ngako, te nui o te pūmua, te waikawa, ngā toenga paturopi, me ētahi atu.

• Te purenga me te wehenga o te miraka: Ka haere te miraka mā roto i te pūwero miraka porowhita hei tango i ngā poke, kātahi ka tomo ki te wehewehe kirīmi. Ka huri te wehewehe i te tere tere, mā te whakamahi i te kaha porowhita hei wehe i te miraka ngako-katoa ki te miraka ngako-kore me te kirīmi māmā. Ko te nui o te ngako o te kirīmi māmā he 35%-40%.

• Te whakamātao i te kirīmi: Ka panahia te kirīmi māmā kua wehea ki roto i te whakawhiti wera pereti hei whakamātao (i te nuinga o te wā i te 85-95°C mō ētahi hēkona). Ko te whāinga o tēnei mahi he whakakore i ngā huakita mate katoa me te nuinga o ngā huakita pirau, kia mau ai te haumaru o te hua me te whakaroa i te roa o te oranga o te hua.

• Whakakore haunga mā te korehau (whiringa): Hei whakaputa pata reka parakore, ka tukuna te kirīmi māmā mā roto i tētahi tāke korehau, ka tangohia ētahi haunga kai, ētahi atu kakara kino rānei i raro i te pēhanga iti.

• Te whakapūkara (mō te pata whakapūkara):

o Mēnā kei te hanga pata whakapūkara (he reka noa i Ūropi): Ka whakamataohia te kirīmi māmā kua whakapūkaratia ki te pāmahana whakapūkara (tata ki te 20°C), kātahi ka werohia ki roto i tētahi tīmatanga huakita waikawa lactic motuhake (pērā i te Lactococcus lactis). Ka whakapūkarahia i roto i tētahi taiao whakahaeretia mō ētahi haora, ka puta he matū pēnei i te diacetyl, e homai ana ki te pata tōna kakara ahurei me tōna reka kawa.

Ki te hanga pata reka: Kua pekehia tēnei taahiraa.

2. Te pakari ā-tinana me te hurihanga

Koinei te taahiraa matua i roto i te hanganga o te pata.

• Te whakamatao me te pakari ā-tinana: Ka tere te whakamatao i te kirīmi māmā kua whakamātaohia, kāore rānei i whakamātaohia ki te 4-8°C, ā, ka puritia ki tēnei pāmahana mō ētahi hāora. Ka kiia tēnei tukanga ko te "pakari ā-tinana". Mā te pāmahana iti ka whakatio ētahi triglycerides i roto i te ngako miraka, ka ngawari ake ngā poro ngako, ka whakarite kia huri.

• Te hurihuri tonu: Ka papua tonutia te kirīmi pakari ki roto i te taputapu matua - te mīhini hanga pata tonu.

o Wāhanga tuatahi: Te whakaranu me te hanganga matūriki ngako: I te wāhanga o mua o te mīhini hanga, ka hurihia te kirīmi e tētahi rōpū taputapu hurihuri tere-teitei, ka pakaru ngā kiriuhi porowhita ngako, ka meinga te ngako kia huihui hei matūriki ngako iti.

o Te wāhanga tuarua: Te tukunga me te wehenga: Ka tukuna te ranunga o ngā matūriki ngako me te pata miraka wai ki tētahi wāhanga whakapūtanga. Mā te tātari, mā te whakapūtanga porowhita rānei, ka tukuna te nuinga o te pata miraka. Ka taea te hangarua i te pata miraka kua tukuna.

3. Te pēhi, te hanga, me te tākai

• Te Pēhi: Ka tukuna ngā matūriki ngako i wehea mai i te pata miraka ki te wāhanga pēhi o te mīhini hanga. Ka pokepokea, ka pēhia hoki ngā matūriki ngako e te kaikawe porowhita, e te rōpū roera whakaputa rānei e mahi tahi ana.

Whāinga 1: Whakatikatika i te nui o te makuku o te pata kia ōrite te horapa ki roto i te ngako.

Whāinga 2: Whakangaromia ngā poro ngako e toe ana kia tino whakapotoa te ngako kia noho tonu, kia maeneene, kia ōrite hoki te kakano.

Whāinga 3: I tēnei wā, ka taea te tāpiri i te tote (hei hanga pata tote), te tae (pēnei i te beta-carotene), ngā huaora rānei, e ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te hua.

• Te hanga me te tapahi: Ka huri te pata pēhi hei rīpene pumau, ngāwari hoki. Ka tukuna ki te mīhini hanga, ka whakaputahia ki ngā āhua motuhake (pērā i ngā poraka, ngā tokotoko), ka tapahia kia rite ki te taumaha e hiahiatia ana mā te maripi waea maitai tere-rahi. • Te takai: Ka takaihia ngā wahi pata kua tapahia e te mīhini takai aunoa mā te whakamahi i te pepa konumohe, te pepa para, te kiriata kirihou rānei hei ārai i te waikura me te poke. Kātahi ka whakanohoia te pata kua takai ki roto i te pouaka o waho.

4. Rokiroki Pouaka Whakamatao

Ka tukuna tonutia te pata kua tākaihia ki te wāhi rokiroki makariri (mai i te -18°C ki te 4°C te pāmahana, i runga i te momo hua me ngā whakaritenga roa mō te rokiroki), e tatari ana kia hokona i muri i te wehenga atu i te wheketere.

II. Ngā Taputapu Matua o te Raina Hanga Pata

Ko te nuinga o te raina whakaputa pata aunoa he mea hanga mai i ngā taputapu e whai ake nei:

1. Kaiwhakawehe Kirīmi: Whakamahia hei wehewehe i te kirīmi i te miraka.

2. Whakawhiti Wera Pereti: Whakamahia mō te whakamātao i te pata me ngā tukanga whakamatao me te whakamahana i muri mai.

3. Tāke Whakapūkara (whiringa): Me ngā pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana me te whakaoho, e whakamahia ana mō te whakaputa pata whakapūkara.

4. Tāke Whakamatao: He paparanga-rua te whakamarumaru, e whakamahia ana mō te whakamatao me te whakamatao ā-tinana o te pata.

5. Mīhini Hanga Pata Tonu: Ko te uho o te raina whakaputa. Ka whakauruhia te whiu, te huri miraka, te pēhi, me te whakakī. Ko ētahi o ngā waitohu rongonui ko SPX FLOW (i raro i a Gerstenberg Schröder) me GEA, me ētahi atu.

6. Pūnaha Whakahoki Miraka: Ka kohia, ka tukatukahia hoki te miraka kua wehea.

7. Mīhini Hanga me te Tapahi: Ka hanga me te tapahi i te pata.

8. Mīhini Tākai Aunoa: Ka whakaoti i te tākai whakamutunga o te hua.

9. Pūnaha Horoi CIP i te Wāhi: He mea nui. He kawenga mō te horoi aunoa me te patu huakita i ngā paipa, ngā tāke, me ētahi atu taputapu hei whakarite i te akuaku me te haumaru o te kai.

10. Pūnaha Whakahaere PLC: Rūma whakahaere matua. Ka aroturuki me te whakarite i ngā tawhā (te pāmahana, te pēhanga, te rere, te tere, me ētahi atu) o te tukanga whakaputa katoa mā te mata pā rorohiko. Whakarāpopototanga

He tukanga whakaputa tonu, he kati, he akuaku hoki te raina whakaputa pata o ēnei rā. Ka hurihia e ia te miraka mata hei hua pata pumau, haumaru, ā, akuaku hoki mā te whakahaere tika i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga matū koiora. Mai i te whakaranu miraka i roto i te ipu rakau tuku iho ki te whakaputa tonu o ēnei rā, kua tino piki ake te hua, te kounga me te matotoru o te pata nā ngā whanaketanga hangarau.